Brain-to-brain synchronization across two persons predicts mutual prosociality.

People tend to be more prosocial after synchronizing behaviors with others, yet the underlying neural mechanisms are rarely known. In this study, participant dyads performed either a coordination task or an independence task, with their brain activations recorded via the functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning technique. Participant dyads in the coordination group showed higher synchronized behaviors and greater subsequent inclination to help each other than those in the independence group, indicating the prosocial effect of interpersonal synchrony. Importantly, the coordination group demonstrated the significant task-related brain coherence, namely the interbrain synchronization, at the left middle frontal area. The detected interbrain synchronization was sensitive to shared intentionality between participants and was correlated with the mutual prosocial inclination. Further, the task-related brain coherence played a mediation role in the prosocial effect of interpersonal synchrony. This study reveals the relevance of brain-to-brain synchronization among individuals with subsequent mutual prosocial inclination and suggests the neural mechanism associating with shared cognition for the facilitation of interpersonal synchrony on prosociality.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Additional file 1 of METTL1 mediated tRNA m7G modification promotes leukaemogenesis of AML via tRNA regulated translational control

Additional file 1: Figure S1. METTL1/WDR4 were upregulated in AML patients. (A-B) Comparison of METTL1 and WDR4 expression in healthy donors and WHO subtypes of AML patients from our center. (C-D) Comparison of METTL1 and WDR4 expression in healthy individuals (NC) and WHO subtypes of AML patients from GEO dataset. Data were presented as mean ± SD (Student’s t test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ns: not significant)

Programmed Nanococktail Based on pH-Responsive Function Switch for Self-Synergistic Tumor-Targeting Therapy

Tumor-targeting combination chemotherapy is an important way to improve the therapeutic index and reduce the side effects as compared to traditional cancer treatments. However, one of the major challenges in surface functionalization of nanoparticle (NP) is accomplishing multiple purposes through one single ligand. Upon such consideration, methotrexate (MTX), an anticancer drug with a targeting moiety inspired by the similar structure of folate, could be used to covalently link with lipid-polymer conjugate (DSPE-PEG) via a pH-sensitive dynamic covalent imine (CHN) bond to synthesize the acid-induced function “targeting-anticancer” switching DSPE-PEG-CHN-MTX. We hypothesize that using this kind of MTX prodrug to functionalize NP’s surface would be conductive to combine the early phase active targeting function and the late-phase anticancer function in one nanosystem. Herein, a nanococktail is programmed for codelivery of epirubicin (EPI) and MTX by co-self-assembly of acid-dissociated EPI-phospholipid (PC) complex and acid-cleavable DSPE-PEG-CHN-MTX conjugate. The obtained nanococktail (MTX-PEG-EPI-PC NPs) could not only actively target folate receptors-overexpressing tumor cells but also respond to acidic endo/lysosomes for triggering the on-demand release of pharmaceutically active EPI/MTX. The intracellular drug distribution also demonstrated that the system could codeliver two drugs to individual target sites of action, inducing the significant synergistic anticancer efficiency based on different anticancer mechanisms. More importantly, the in vivo tumor accumulation and anticancer efficacy of MTX-PEG-EPI-PC NPs (via cleavable imine bond) were significantly enhanced as compared to the individual free drug, both free drugs, PEG-EPI-PC NPs, and MTX-PEG-EPI-PC NPs (via the uncleavable amide bond). This self-synergistic tumor-targeting therapy might represent a promising strategy for cancer treatment

Highly Mesoporous Single-Crystalline Zeolite Beta Synthesized Using a Nonsurfactant Cationic Polymer as a Dual-Function Template

Mesoporous zeolites are useful solid catalysts for conversion of bulky molecules because they offer fast mass transfer along with size and shape selectivity. We report here the successful synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicate zeolite Beta from a commercial cationic polymer that acts as a dual-function template to generate zeolitic micropores and mesopores simultaneously. This is the first demonstration of a single nonsurfactant polymer acting as such a template. Using high-resolution electron microscopy and tomography, we discovered that the resulting material (Beta-MS) has abundant and highly interconnected mesopores. More importantly, we demonstrated using a three-dimensional electron diffraction technique that each Beta-MS particle is a single crystal, whereas most previously reported mesoporous zeolites are comprised of nanosized zeolitic grains with random orientations. The use of nonsurfactant templates is essential to gaining single-crystalline mesoporous zeolites. The single-crystalline nature endows Beta-MS with better hydrothermal stability compared with surfactant-derived mesoporous zeolite Beta. Beta-MS also exhibited remarkably higher catalytic activity than did conventional zeolite Beta in acid-catalyzed reactions involving large molecules